Introduction: However it is a small part of the whole organism, an oral cavity is the factual beginning of the digestive system and microorganisms inhabiting it play
a special role in the whole digestion. The food, a building block and source of energy for life, via oral cavity enters the body, it parts remain in the mouth, and the contact with plaque microorganisms contribute to the formation of problems not only in this area, but throughout the human body. The level of oral hygiene in Polish society is still low. A healthy mouth is a healthy body. In Poland, only 1% of people have a healthy periodontium. A sick periodontium increases the probability of heart disease, diabetes and pregnancy complications. Dietary issues are a niche in the field of dentistry. We know which foods are conducive to the development of tooth decay and tooth erosion. However, we do not know yet how the average person’s diet affects the generation of biofilm-induced inflammation. Can it be modified or slowed down to reduce both phenomena? Therefore, we want to get answers to these questions.
The main goal of the project is to study the impact of a specific diet rich in fats on the formation of inflammation and periodontal disease induced by bacterial biofilm in the oral cavity. It is also interesting to find the similarities between the genotype of the bioflm from the human mouth and the genotype to the ‘oral’ biofilm of other mammals. Is it probable that translocation of biofilms may occur within species and break the protective barriers of organisms? In addition, examining the impact of food type on the inflammation of soft tissues in the mouth of various mammals in the presence of residual bacterial biofilm and in its absence, will enable the development of new innovative research strategies in this field.
Research description: In the research qualitative methods that will allow us to determine a specific case study in the analysis of red complex bacteria will be used. New, unique techniques popular in dentistry, molecular biology (nicking assay) and microbiological engineering (MIC and MBC analysis in the analysis of oral microflora) and pedagogy (diagnostic interview questionnaires, examination of dental documentation in the form of sheets) will be used. Dental indicators such as OHI, Pl.I, API, PBI, CPITN, CAL will also be used to assess the presence and location of the bacterial plaque in the oral cavity.
The material (bacterial inoculum) will be taken from the mouth of volunteers (hygienists). The control group will include 15 generally healthy, no smoking people (women or men, 25–55 years old) with no serious diseases, who did not receive antibacterial drugs in the last four weeks. The experimental group will consist of
15 people (25–55 years old) who have been diagnosed with moderate or severe chronic periodontitis based on periodontal examination. The tested biological material (biofilm) will be also collected from the ‘oral cavity’ of animals (30 piglets) at our Institute. In both cases, the tests will be non-invasive – the bacterial material will be taken using a specialized dental tool from the teeth surface, gingival gap or periodontal pocket of humans (volunteers) or animals (young piglets) and placed on a solid Petri dish.
