The first lecture ‘The mysterious world of oral cavity microbiota – feed and bacteria dependence’ was prepared by Paweł Kowalczyk, PhD, DSc. He presented the complex world of the human oral microflora – both beneficial commensal bacteria and pathogens. The particular attention was paid to “Sokransky complexes”, i.e. groups of microorganisms responsible for, among others, the development of caries and periodontal diseases. The importance of microbiological balance and the consequences of its disruption for human health were also presented.

Next, Grzegorz Bełżecki, PhD, DSc, with a lecture ‘Cow – facts and myths’ tried to objectively look at the controversy surrounding cattle breeding and its impact on the environment. He addressed issues such as methane emissions, the role of ruminants in agricultural ecosystems, and the importance of cattle in maintaining biodiversity and utilizing marginal lands. The presentation prompted reflection on the actual impact of farm animals on climate change and the possibility of reconciling livestock production with the principles of sustainable development